In the Shahnameh, Derafsh Kaviani is described as a grand banner adorned with precious gems and pearls. Ribbons in red, yellow, blue, and purple hung from it, and at its center was the shape of a star (Akhtar). Because of this star, the flag was also known as Akhtar-e Kavian (the Star of the Kavians), highlighting its symbolic association with fortune and destiny.
Ferdowsi, in the story of Kaveh the Blacksmith, describes the Derafsh Kaviani as follows:
King saw that leather on spear
A noble sign soon did appear
Dressed it in precious silk so fine
With gold & gems gave it design
He raised it like the moon on high
A lucky sign cast to the sky
Hung from it red, purple & gold
Called it “Kāvean Banner” of old
Since then, all who rose as king
Crowned under that sacred thing
That once torn leather of fight
Decked anew with gems bright
With rich silk & cloth of renown
Star of Kāveans gained its crown
It lit the dark like morning flame
Filled all hearts with hope again
